Black People : Whites to be Minority in NYC Soon, Data Shows...

Aqil

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Feb 3, 2001
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New York
By SAM ROBERTS

The influx of foreigners to New York and its suburbs and the continuing exodus of non-Hispanic whites to other parts of the country has transformed the face of metropolitan New York so profoundly that whites will constitute a minority of the region's population within a few years, demographers say. The shift would make New York the first large metropolitan area outside the South and West in which whites do not make up a majority, according to an analysis of 2004 Census estimates by the Brookings Institution that was released yesterday.

The analysis also reveals a historic reversal: For the first time since at least the 19th century, the black population of both the city and, to a lesser extent, the region, has declined. In the five boroughs, according to the estimates, the number of blacks declined by about 30,000 since 2000, dipping below 30% of the overall population, as the migration of blacks to the suburbs and areas like the South outpaced immigration from the Caribbean and Africa.

In contrast, the analysis found that while the greater New York region over all lost 162,000 non-Hispanic whites and several hundred blacks from 2000 to 2004, the region gained 288,000 Hispanic people and 201,000 Asians — more Asians, in fact, than any other metropolitan area.

Increasingly, the New York region's growing multiracial makeup reflects the changing face of the inner ring of suburbs as many new immigrants bypass the city altogether or migrate from the city to neighboring counties after a generation or less. What makes the city and the region unusual, though, is that among the nation's 88 metropolitan areas with half a million or more people, New York is one of only three — Houston and Honolulu are the others — where the proportion of blacks, Hispanics and Asians each exceeds their share of the national population.

Whites have been a minority in New York City since the 1980's. But now that shift is extending to the wider metropolitan area, driven by immigration and higher birth rates among immigrants. Already, non-Hispanic whites are a minority of the metropolitan area's population younger than 15. "New York is still the classic melting pot, with a whole diverse array of immigrants coming in, but the suburbs are now becoming part of this bigger melting pot," said William H. Frey, the Brookings Institution demographer who conducted the analysis. "The suburbs are now tasting this new diversity."

His analysis found that whites declined to 52.2% of the population in 2004 from 54.2% in 2000 in the census-defined metropolitan area, which includes the city, Long Island, the northern suburbs, northern New Jersey and northeastern Pennsylvania, but not Connecticut. "We went down 2.1% from 2000 to 2004," Dr. Frey said. "If we go another 2% before the end of the decade, you're there." He added: "The suburbs are now contributing to this. They've all shown a decline in the percent of whites since 1990."

The approaching statistical milestone in the New York region has not been unexpected by demographers. "What this shows is that the pattern is spreading out," said Andrew A. Beveridge, a demographer at Queens College of the City University of New York, "and the non-Hispanic white population is continuing to dwindle." "The New York metropolitan area is becoming more like the city, and the nation's metropolitan areas are becoming more like New York," Dr. Beveridge said.

The trend was foreshadowed in an earlier analysis by New York's Department of City Planning, which found that while the region's ethnic and racial numbers had been driven for several decades by changes in the five boroughs, those changes were also being mirrored in the suburban counties closest to the city. "The inner-ring suburbs are emulating the city," said Joseph J. Salvo, director of the department's population division.

What's happening in New York has already occurred in metropolitan areas in the West and South, including Los Angeles, Miami, Houston and San Francisco. The proportion of whites has also dipped to just over a majority in the San Diego, Washington, Dallas and Las Vegas metropolitan regions as Asian and Hispanic people disperse beyond central cities and their suburbs, and as blacks migrate to the South. In each of those areas, whites are already a minority of the population under age 15.

Atlanta led large metropolitan areas in black population growth and is poised to overtake Chicago as the region with the second-highest black population in total numbers, after New York. In 1990, metropolitan Los Angeles and New York accounted for 30% of the nation's Hispanic population. By 2004, those two regions were home to only 23% of Hispanic people. "For immigrant minorities, especially, friendship and family networks have drawn them to traditional ports of entry, even during times when labor market considerations would suggest they move elsewhere," Dr. Frey wrote. "Blacks, as well, have tended to follow well-worn patterns, initially out of the South and, later, to a network of cities across the North and West."

But more recently, he concluded, "many lower-skilled Hispanic migrants are moving to fast-growing areas of the country, in response to retail, service and construction job growth, while higher-skilled minority migrants are following the same professional opportunities that have attracted whites."

http://www.nytimes.com/2006/03/07/nyregion/07census.html?_r=2&oref=slogin&oref=slogin
 
Whites in Minority in Largest Cities, Census Shows

By Eric Schmitt
New York Times
4/30/'01

WASHINGTON — For the first time, nearly half of the nation's 100 largest cities are home to more African-Americans, Hispanics, Asians and other minorities than whites, an analysis of the latest census figures shows. While the population of the country's fastest-growing cities, like Las Vegas and Phoenix, increased in all racial and ethnic categories, the vast majority of American cities — 71 of the top 100 — lost white residents. As a result, non-Hispanic whites are now a minority of the total population living in the 100 largest urban centers.

Even as whites were leaving many urban cores for suburbs and beyond, the nation's largest cities gained 3.8 million Hispanic residents, a 43% increase from a decade ago. The mixture of white flight from downtowns and the influx of Hispanics, in particular, underscores the extent to which immigration and higher birth rates among the foreign-born are changing the complexion of cities, fueling a renaissance in some urban centers and forcing civic leaders to confront wrenching decisions on how to cope with a new and fast-changing citizenry. "What this shows is the volatility and complexity of change in the United States today," said Bruce Katz, director of the Center on Urban and Metropolitan Policy at the Brookings Institution here. "Who's staying and who's leaving the cities has enormous implications for cities' fiscal strength, economic vitality and political influence."

Many of these new findings are contained in a draft analysis prepared by the Brookings urban policy center, which offers some of the most detailed evidence to date of increasing diversity in the nation's cities and carries major public policy implications for city officials. For example, Mr. Katz said, cities' tax bases may be shrinking. Economic data from the 2000 head count will not be out until next year, but the Census Bureau's latest estimates indicate that median annual household income was about $14,000 less for Hispanic households than for non-Hispanic white households.

The shifting ethnic and racial balance of urban populations may also force cities to rethink how they structure and deliver health care, public education and general municipal services to typically younger and larger minority families, the researchers said. The makeover of the nation's urban profile is already under way. In Los Angeles, Antonio Villaraigosa, a high school dropout who went on to become speaker of the California Assembly, is hoping to ride the city's surging Latino population into office as the city's first Hispanic mayor since 1872. In Chicago, which gained 208,000 Hispanics in the decade to fuel its first overall population increase since 1950, Mayor Richard M. Daley has championed a revival plan to improve neighborhoods, renovate old buildings and spruce up public places with trees and flowers.

Some cities, however, are struggling. Detroit's white population plunged 53% in the last decade, as the city's overall population dipped below one million for the first time in 80 years. Smaller cities are dealing with the influx of Hispanics in very different ways. Anti-Latino sentiment in Siler City, NC, where poultry operations have attracted thousands of Mexican immigrants, grew to the point where David Duke, the former Ku Klux Klan leader, was invited last year to help stem the immigrant wave. In Dalton, GA, a major carpet-manufacturing center, the city council and community leaders have taken steps to assimilate new immigrants, including the recruitment of teachers from Mexico to teach bilingual school classes.

The Brookings analysis focused on cities, but the conclusion that Hispanics are displacing whites as an increasing share of the population is true even in many suburbs. Cities, however, have their own changing demographic profile. Whites are now a majority in 52 of the biggest 100 cities, down from 70 in 1990, researchers found. Over all, the top 100 cities lost more than two million whites between 1990 and 2000, with the white share of the total population falling to 44% from 52%.

Among the cities experiencing the biggest declines in white population were Birmingham, AL, which experienced a 40% reduction, and Santa Ana, CA, in Orange County, which had a 38% drop. Alan Berube, a senior research analyst at the Brookings Institution who conducted much of the center's analysis, said the ability of people to identify themselves as belonging to more than one race in the 2000 census could mean that the decline in cities' white population was slightly less than 2.3 million people. "It is possible," he said, that some people who identified themselves as white in 1990 classified themselves as multiracial in the latest census, explaining perhaps a small part of the decline in white population."

Many cities, including Boston, Los Angeles and Dallas, would have lost population over all in the 1990's were it not for big gains in the number of Hispanics, the researchers found. An exception to the trend of Hispanics moving to the cities was the Washington, DC area, where Latinos are more likely to move to the Maryland and Virginia suburbs than to the District of Columbia itself. "The most important factor for public officials to be aware of in the next 10 to 20 years is that the vitality of cities will depend on their ability to attract and be a hospitable environment for minorities," said John R. Logan, director of the Lewis Mumford Center for Comparative Urban and Regional Research at the State University of New York at Albany. "At the moment, minority populations are perceived largely in terms of potential problems in providing public services, or for their potential for creating new political divisions, instead of in terms of the contributions they're making to the vitality of the city," Mr. Logan said.

In 18 of the 100 largest cities, whites slipped into the minority in the 1990's, bringing the total number of those cities where whites are the minority to 48. In some cities, like Anaheim and Riverside in Southern California, Hispanic immigration was the main reason the number of non-Hispanic whites declined between 16% and 21% as a share of the total urban population. Rochester, NY where the white population declined to 44% from 58%, was emblematic of many cities in upstate New York suffering from slow economic growth and what Mr. Katz called a "spreading out" of the metropolis to the suburbs. Over all, the analysis found that cities that bucked the trend of declining white population grew rapidly in the 1990's. These included Sun Belt cities like Austin, TX (a 21% increase in the white population), and Las Vegas (49%).

In the 20 fastest-growing cities, the Brookings analysis found that the white population rose 5%, the Black population 23%, the Asian population 69%, and the Hispanic population 72%. "The decline in non-Hispanic whites is greater than we expected, and we don't really know what's going on," said Dowell Myers, a demographer at the University of Southern California. Many demographers in California said they were focusing on other indicators of shifting diversity, which Mr. Myers said might be more relevant to policy-makers seeking to understand the multiethnic balance in their cities. For example, even though non-Hispanic whites are now a minority, 73% of the voters who cast ballots in last November's elections were white, while only 36% of children enrolled in public schools are white, he said.
 
Aqil said:
By SAM ROBERTS

The influx of foreigners to New York and its suburbs and the continuing exodus of non-Hispanic whites to other parts of the country has transformed the face of metropolitan New York so profoundly that whites will constitute a minority of the region's population within a few years, demographers say. The shift would make New York the first large metropolitan area outside the South and West in which whites do not make up a majority, according to an analysis of 2004 Census estimates by the Brookings Institution that was released yesterday.

The analysis also reveals a historic reversal: For the first time since at least the 19th century, the black population of both the city and, to a lesser extent, the region, has declined. In the five boroughs, according to the estimates, the number of blacks declined by about 30,000 since 2000, dipping below 30% of the overall population, as the migration of blacks to the suburbs and areas like the South outpaced immigration from the Caribbean and Africa.

In contrast, the analysis found that while the greater New York region over all lost 162,000 non-Hispanic whites and several hundred blacks from 2000 to 2004, the region gained 288,000 Hispanic people and 201,000 Asians — more Asians, in fact, than any other metropolitan area.

Increasingly, the New York region's growing multiracial makeup reflects the changing face of the inner ring of suburbs as many new immigrants bypass the city altogether or migrate from the city to neighboring counties after a generation or less. What makes the city and the region unusual, though, is that among the nation's 88 metropolitan areas with half a million or more people, New York is one of only three — Houston and Honolulu are the others — where the proportion of blacks, Hispanics and Asians each exceeds their share of the national population.

Whites have been a minority in New York City since the 1980's. But now that shift is extending to the wider metropolitan area, driven by immigration and higher birth rates among immigrants. Already, non-Hispanic whites are a minority of the metropolitan area's population younger than 15. "New York is still the classic melting pot, with a whole diverse array of immigrants coming in, but the suburbs are now becoming part of this bigger melting pot," said William H. Frey, the Brookings Institution demographer who conducted the analysis. "The suburbs are now tasting this new diversity."

His analysis found that whites declined to 52.2% of the population in 2004 from 54.2% in 2000 in the census-defined metropolitan area, which includes the city, Long Island, the northern suburbs, northern New Jersey and northeastern Pennsylvania, but not Connecticut. "We went down 2.1% from 2000 to 2004," Dr. Frey said. "If we go another 2% before the end of the decade, you're there." He added: "The suburbs are now contributing to this. They've all shown a decline in the percent of whites since 1990."

The approaching statistical milestone in the New York region has not been unexpected by demographers. "What this shows is that the pattern is spreading out," said Andrew A. Beveridge, a demographer at Queens College of the City University of New York, "and the non-Hispanic white population is continuing to dwindle." "The New York metropolitan area is becoming more like the city, and the nation's metropolitan areas are becoming more like New York," Dr. Beveridge said.

The trend was foreshadowed in an earlier analysis by New York's Department of City Planning, which found that while the region's ethnic and racial numbers had been driven for several decades by changes in the five boroughs, those changes were also being mirrored in the suburban counties closest to the city. "The inner-ring suburbs are emulating the city," said Joseph J. Salvo, director of the department's population division.

What's happening in New York has already occurred in metropolitan areas in the West and South, including Los Angeles, Miami, Houston and San Francisco. The proportion of whites has also dipped to just over a majority in the San Diego, Washington, Dallas and Las Vegas metropolitan regions as Asian and Hispanic people disperse beyond central cities and their suburbs, and as blacks migrate to the South. In each of those areas, whites are already a minority of the population under age 15.

Atlanta led large metropolitan areas in black population growth and is poised to overtake Chicago as the region with the second-highest black population in total numbers, after New York. In 1990, metropolitan Los Angeles and New York accounted for 30% of the nation's Hispanic population. By 2004, those two regions were home to only 23% of Hispanic people. "For immigrant minorities, especially, friendship and family networks have drawn them to traditional ports of entry, even during times when labor market considerations would suggest they move elsewhere," Dr. Frey wrote. "Blacks, as well, have tended to follow well-worn patterns, initially out of the South and, later, to a network of cities across the North and West."

But more recently, he concluded, "many lower-skilled Hispanic migrants are moving to fast-growing areas of the country, in response to retail, service and construction job growth, while higher-skilled minority migrants are following the same professional opportunities that have attracted whites."

http://www.nytimes.com/2006/03/07/nyregion/07census.html?_r=2&oref=slogin&oref=slogin


Before they allow this to happen, they will allow large migration from Europe. This happened at the turn of the century, when a census revealed that blacks were about 40% of the population and growing
 

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