Obama follows other African-American presidential hopefuls
Obama follows other African-American presidential hopefuls
WASHINGTON (AFP) — US presidential hopeful Barack Obama is not the first African-American to run for the White House nor the first to score a victory in a nominating contest, but is following in the footsteps of others who broke barriers and shaped political debate.
Out of a handful of blacks who have previously run for the country's highest office, civil rights activist and Baptist minister Jesse Jackson was the most successful.
Jackson made history in 1988 when he won 13 primaries and caucuses in the race for the Democratic party's nomination, earning 6.6 million votes and an influential voice at the party's convention. In his first bid, in 1984, Jackson won five Democratic party contests.
The legacy of America's history of slavery and racial persecution has cast a long shadow, with only three African-American senators and two black governors elected since the aftermath of the 1861-65 US civil war.
In 2004, African-Americans Al Sharpton, an activist and Christian minister, and Senator Carol Moseley Braun, made unsuccessful runs for the Democratic party nomination.
For the Republican party, former diplomat Alan Keyes made a bid for his party's nomination in 1996 and 2000, and is a running again this year.
Lenora Fulani, a black psychologist and activist, has run marginal campaigns for president as an independent.
The first African-American woman to be elected to Congress in 1968, Shirley Chisholm of New York ran for president in 1972 in a landmark campaign under the slogan "Unbought and Unbossed." She won no primary contests but was given a speaking slot at the Democrats' convention.
Comedian and activist **** Gregory also staged a modest write-in campaign for president in 1968 that garnered less than 50,000 votes.
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