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Land Run of 1889

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Oklahoma Land Rush of 1889
A land rush in progress.​
Other names​
Oklahoma Land Rush
Location​
Central Oklahoma
Date​
April 22, 1889
The Oklahoma Land Rush of 1889 was the first land run into the Unassigned Lands and included all or part of the 2005 modern day Canadian, Cleveland, Kingfisher, Logan, Oklahoma, and Payne counties of the U.S. state of Oklahoma.[1] The land run started at high noon on April 22, 1889, with an estimated 50,000 people lined up for their piece of the available two million acres (8,000 km²).[2]
The Unassigned Lands were considered some of the best unoccupied public land in the United States. The Indian Appropriations Bill of 1889 was passed and signed into law with an amendment by Illinois Representative William McKendree Springer, that authorized President Benjamin Harrison to open the two million acres (8,000 km²) for settlement. Due to the Homestead Act of 1862, signed by President Abraham Lincoln, legal settlers could claim lots up to 160 acres (0.65 km2) in size. Provided a settler lived on the land and improved it, the settler could then receive the title to the land.[2]
Contents

[hide]
[edit] Boomers and sooners



"The Oklahoma Land Rush, April 22, 1889", by John Steuart Curry
A number of the people who participated in the run entered the unoccupied land early and hid there until the legal time of entry to lay quick claim to some of the most choice homesteads. These people came to be identified as "sooners." This led to hundreds of legal contests that arose and were decided first at local land offices and eventually by the U.S. Department of the Interior. Arguments included what constituted the "legal time of entry."[3] While some people think that the settlers who entered the territory at the legally appointed time were known as "boomers," the term actually refers to those who campaigned for the opening of the lands, led by David L. Payne.[citation needed]
The University of Oklahoma's fight song, "Boomer Sooner," derives from these two names.[4]
[edit] Rapid growth

By the end of the day (April 22, 1889), both Oklahoma City and Guthrie had established cities of around 10,000 people in literally half a day. As Harper's Weekly put it:
At twelve o'clock on Monday, April 22d, the resident population of Guthrie was nothing; before sundown it was at least ten thousand. In that time streets had been laid out, town lots staked off, and steps taken toward the formation of a municipal government."[5]
Many settlers immediately started improving their new land or stood in line waiting to file their claim. Many children sold creek water to homesteaders waiting in line for five cents a cup, while other children gathered buffalo dung to provide fuel for cooking. By the second week, schools had opened and were being taught by volunteers paid by pupils' parents until regular school districts could be established. Within one month, Oklahoma City had five banks and six newspapers.[6]
On May 2, 1890, the Organic Act was passed creating the Oklahoma Territory. This act included the Panhandle of Oklahoma within the territory. It also allowed for central governments and designated Guthrie as the territory's capital.[6]
[edit] Depiction of 1889 Land Rush

Hollywood has produced motion pictures illustrating the Oklahoma Land Run of 1889 and the way of a pioneer's life on the acreaged claims.
[edit] See also

  • Nannita Daisey, believed to be the first woman laying claim on Oklahoma land
[edit] References

  1. ^ Bradford, Susan (2007-02-10). "Oklahoma Land Openings 1889-1907". http://marti.rootsweb.com/land/oklands.html. Retrieved 2007-03-03.
  2. ^ a b "1890 Oklahoma Territory Census". Archived from the original on 2006-02-06. http://web.archive.org/web/20060206034927/http://www.ok-history.mus.ok.us/lib/1890/1890index.htm. Retrieved 2007-03-03.
  3. ^ Hoig, Stan. "Land rush of 1889". Archived from the original on 2006-04-11. http://web.archive.org/web/20060411041957/http://www.ok-history.mus.ok.us/enc/landrun.htm. Retrieved 2007-03-03.
  4. ^ Sooners Sports website: What is a Sooner
  5. ^ Howard, William Willard (1889-05-18). "The Rush to Oklahoma". http://www.library.cornell.edu/Reps/DOCS/landrush.htm. Retrieved 2007-03-04.
  6. ^ a b "History of the Unassigned Lands". 2007-01-02. http://www.rootsweb.com/~itunassi/index.html. Retrieved 2007-03-04.
[edit] External links

Retrieved from "http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Land_Run_of_1889&oldid=504171476
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Exodusters

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It has been suggested that this article or section be merged into Exodus of 1879. (Discuss) Proposed since October 2009.
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Exodusters was a name given to African Americans who fled the Southern United States for Kansas in 1879 and 1880. After the end of Reconstruction, racial oppression and rumors of the reinstitution of slavery led many freedmen to seek a new place to live.
Many migrated to, and then settled, primarily in Kansas because of its fame as the land of the abolitionist John Brown (1800–1859). The state was reputed to be more progressive and tolerant than most others. Separatist leaders such as Benjamin "Pap" Singleton had promoted it among black Americans.
At the time of the Exodus to Kansas, yellow fever ravaged many river towns along the way (in Missouri, Mississippi, and Louisiana for example). Because many of the black migrants who stopped over in these towns—coming by steamboat, train, or horseback—were poverty-stricken, it was assumed by those town and city officials that the Exodusters were a cause, primarily because they contracted yellow fever from a yellow canary. This caused great alarm in such cities as St. Louis, which imposed unnecessary quarantine measures to discourage future migrants.
The Kansas Exodus was an unorganized mass migration which began in 1879. Local relief agencies, such as the Kansas Freedman's Relief Association, did try to provide aid, but they could never do enough to meet the needs of the impoverished migrants. The Exodusters continued coming to Kansas through the summer of 1880; then the movement died out. Nicodemus, Kansas, often considered an Exoduster settlement actually pre-dates the Exoduster movement (1877-78). Additionally, contrary to the Exodusters, Nicodemus was an organized westward movement of three colony groups intent on settling in a specific place. It was a town planned and developed specifically for African Americans. Nicodemus is still in existence today, with a population of about 20 and is a National Historic Site and National Historic Landmark District.
Of note, however, western migration of African-Americans was not limted to the Exoduster period, and places like Quindaro, Kansas thrived for some period before, during, and after the Exoduster movement. Similarly, in following years (although not part of the original Exoduster movement of the 19th century) in the early 20th century black migrations to the American West and Southwest—generally known as the Old West -- would continue, and several additional all-black towns would be established, especially in Indian Territory, which was to become the current state of Oklahoma.
[edit] Exodusters in fiction

  • Gabriel's Story, by David Anthony Durham.
  • Paradise, by Toni Morrison.
  • Justin and the Best Biscuits in the World, by Mildred Pitts Walker.
  • Why the Dark Man Cries, by Connie Fredricks
[edit] External links

Retrieved from "http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Exodusters&oldid=498163497
 
I'm watching the other parts and this is so gut-wrenching. I am literally sick to my stomach and so numb I can't even shed a tear. We do not stand a chance in hell against these savages. Where did they come from? They can't be human. This is just too much.

They burned, looted and burned their homes to the ground. Dropped bombs, shot the people down in cold blood. And when it was all over they locked them up in camps or prison. None of the whites were ever charged. Nothing happened. They wouldn't even let the people rebuild. They sold the land. Those people lost everything they worked for years to build overnight. WOW!!

Just imagine what would happen today if this country had a financial collapse. They will definitely be coming after us. Black people need to wake up and get their minds tight.

I'll try to post the rest of the videos tomorrow.

Two things:

One thing is to retell what went on/down back when...

Two: But, even if the results have been the same, the tactics changed over the decades, i. e., conference centers and highway expansion projects became the excuse to level black regions of other segregated cities, aka 'urban (black) renewal, new car plan assembly plants etc. with the false promise of new jobs around here, (the Detroit area), in more recent years...

So, while some have their right to seek compensation for the survivors and family members of those earlier acts of barbarism, let us avoid any rush to judgement calls. about the here and now...

FYI...
 

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